fwknopimplements anauthorizationscheme known asSingle PacketAuthorization(SPA) forstrong serviceconcealment.SPA requiresonly a singlepacket which isencrypted,non-replayable,andauthenticatedvia an HMAC inorder tocommunicatedesired accessto a servicethat is hiddenbehind afirewall in adefault-dropfilteringstance. Themainapplication ofSPA is to use afirewall todrop allattempts toconnect toservices suchas SSH in orderto make theexploitation ofvulnerabilities(bot
The afl-covprojectproduces codecoverage datawith lcov basedon AFL testcases. Thisallows the userto see exactlywhichbranches/lines/functionsafl-fuzz isactuallyexercising in atargetedproject. Themainapplication ofafl-cov is touse codecoverageresults as away to validatewhether or notAFL is beingdriven in amanner that iseffectiveacross as muchcode aspossible.